The ReMAP project, carried out at the Technical University of Dresden from 1 August 2018 to 31 August 2022, aimed to develop a multi‑criteria optimisation framework for departure and arrival procedures that integrates safety, fuel efficiency and noise reduction within the new ICAO Performance‑Based Navigation (PBN) standards. The core of the effort was the extension of the TOMATO simulation environment, originally created in the LuFo projects MEFUL and ProfiFuel, to handle dynamic path‑search grids, real‑time noise assessment, and traffic organisation in funnel‑shaped flow‑control zones.

TOMATO was upgraded to accept high‑resolution input data with a temporal resolution of one second and a spatial resolution of 0.25°, covering atmospheric conditions, airline operating costs, and current air‑space structure. An external network‑ and fleet‑optimisation model supplied operational planning data. The new “Calculation” block introduced a refined grid structure for path searching, incorporated cost terms for acoustic events, and produced detailed outputs in the “Output” block. Flight‑performance calculations were accelerated by using pre‑tabulated data, allowing the system to evaluate only selected flight segments—most notably departures—without recomputing entire trajectories. This selective computation significantly reduced run‑time, enabling the exploration of thousands of candidate routes within a realistic time frame.

The optimisation workflow now consists of three core modules: (a) path search, (b) vertical‑profile optimisation, and (c) trajectory assessment. The assessment module was expanded to include a three‑dimensional departure grid and a noise‑emission model based on ECAC Doc 29. By embedding the noise component into the dynamic 4‑D route optimisation, ReMAP achieved the first comprehensive evaluation of individual departure trajectories that simultaneously satisfies fuel‑efficiency, noise‑reduction, and safety constraints. The resulting traffic‑flow funnels adapt their dimensions to the individual climb performance of aircraft and the direction of their destinations, providing a flexible, demand‑responsive framework that can be applied to both arrivals and departures.

Safety requirements were anchored in the Target Level of Safety (TLS) derived from ICAO PBN specifications and the ECAC Doc 29 noise limits. The project demonstrated that the required navigation accuracy of 1 NM for P‑RNP in the terminal area can be met within the newly defined procedure spaces, while the stricter 0.3 NM requirement for final approach remains outside the scope of the current optimisation.

ReMAP was a single‑institution effort; no external partners were involved. The project was funded under the German Research Foundation (DFG) grant number FKZ 20E1728 and was managed entirely by the TU Dresden research team. The work was completed within the four‑year period, culminating in a comprehensive report that documents the technical advances, the simulation toolchain, and the potential operational benefits for airports such as Munich (EDDM).