Deoxynivalenol (DON), a frequent contaminant of flour, can be partially degraded by
baking. It is not clear: (i) How the choice of processing parameter (i.e., ingredients, leavening, and
baking conditions) affects DON degradation and thus (ii) how much DON can be degraded during
the large-scale industrial production of bakery products. Depending on the
processing conditions, 0–21%, 4–16%, and 2–5% DON were degraded during the production of
crackers, biscuits, and bread, respectively. A higher NaHCO3 concentration, baking time, and baking
temperature caused higher DON degradation. NH4HCO3, yeast, vinegar, and sucrose concentration
as well as leavening time did not enhance DON degradation. In vitro cell viability assays confirmed
that the major degradation product isoDON is considerably less toxic than DON. This proves for the
first time that large-scale industrial baking results in partial detoxification of DON, which can be
enhanced by process management.
