Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a cost-effective method for storing hydrogen using iron, a technology that holds promise for seasonal energy storage. Hydrogen storage is currently expensive and inefficient, but this new approach could change that landscape significantly.

In a pilot plant located at the Hönggerberg campus, ETH researchers are experimenting with a process where hydrogen reacts with iron oxide within three reactors. The resulting elemental iron can be easily stored and later converted back into hydrogen. By 2026, the aim is for this system to supply one-fifth of the winter electricity needs of the Hönggerberg campus using solar energy harvested during the summer months.

Switzerland’s reliance on solar energy poses challenges, especially in winter when demand peaks. The current solutions involve imports and various energy sources, including wind and hydropower. This innovative hydrogen storage method provides a potential alternative. By using excess solar energy in the summer to generate hydrogen, which is then stored as iron, the system can help bridge the winter energy gap.

The process operates on a well-established steam-iron cycle. When excess solar power is available, it splits water to create hydrogen, which reacts with iron ore at high temperatures to produce elemental iron and water. This stored energy can later be converted back into hydrogen and electricity during winter months.

The technology is highly scalable, with potential storage capacities significantly surpassing existing methods. This could allow Switzerland to achieve its ambitious goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050. By leveraging iron, a readily available resource, ETH Zurich’s research represents a significant step toward sustainable energy solutions.

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